List of Jewish scientists and philosophers

                                                                                            

Austria 

·                        Martin Buber, philosopher

·         Erwin Chargaff, chemist, DNA pioneer

·         Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis

·         Nachman Krochmal, philosopher

·         Robert von Lieben, physicist

·         Lise Meitner, physicist: nuclear fission

·         Ludwig von Mises, economist

·         Wolfgang Pauli, physicist, Nobel Prize (1945)

·         Karl Popper, leading twentieth century philosopher of science

·         Otto Weininger, philosopher

·         Ludwig Wittgenstein, philosopher

Denmark

      Niels Bohr, physicist

France

• Henri Bergson, philosopher, Nobel Prize (1927)
• Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, physicist, Nobel Prize (1997)
• Émile Durkheim, sociologist
• Francois Jacob, molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (1965)
• Claude Lévi-Strauss, anthropologist
• Benoît Mandelbrot, mathematician, fractal geometry
• Henri Moissan, chemist, Nobel Prize (1906)
• Laurent Schwartz, mathematician, Fields Medal (1950)
• André Weil, mathematician, Wolf Prize (1979), Steele Prize (1980)

Germany

• Hannah Arendt, philosopher
• Walter Benjamin, philosopher
• Hans Bethe, nuclear physics, Nobel Prize (1967)
• Max Born, quantum mechanics pioneer, Nobel Prize (1954)
• Georg Cantor, set theory
• Albert Einstein, greatest scientist of 20th century, theoretical physics, Nobel Prize (1921)
• Paul Ehrlich, developed magic bullet concept, Nobel Prize (1908)
• Erich Fromm, psychologist and humanistic philosopher
• Alexander Grothendieck, algebraic geometry, Fields Medal (1966)
• Heinrich Hertz, electromagnetic radiation pioneer
• Edmund Husserl, philosopher, founder of phenomenology
• Edmund (Yehezkel) Landau, number theory.
• Albert Michelson, measured speed of light, Nobel Prize (1907)
• Hermann Minkowski, geometrical theory of numbers
• Erich Neumann, psychologist
• Franz Rosenzweig, philosopher
• Karl Schwarzschild, physicist and astronomer

Great Britain

• Sir Alfred Ayer, philosopher, major figure in logical positivism
• Lord Peter Bauer, international development economist
• Sir Isaiah Berlin, political philosopher, historian of ideas
• Sir Hermann Bondi, cosmologist, co-developer of steady-state theory
• Sydney Brenner, molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (2002)
• Selig Brodetsky, mathematician and Jewish communal leader
• Sir Ernst Chain, biochemist, penicillin co-developer, Nobel Prize (1945)
• Sir Michael Epstein, biologist
• Ernest Gellner, philosopher, social-scientist
• Rosalind Franklin, molecular biologist, DNA pioneer
• H. L. A. Hart, philosopher of law
• Brian David Josephson, Nobel Prize
• Lord Richard Kahn, economist, multiplier theory
• Lord Nicholas Kaldor, economist
• Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, biochemist, Krebs cycle, Nobel Prize (1953)
• Harold Kroto, biologist Nobel Prize
• Max Newman, mathematician and computer pioneer, Colossus
• Leslie Orgel, chemist
• Sir Rudolf Peierls, physicist, theory of hole carriers in semiconductors, Enrico Fermi Award (1980)
• Sir Max Perutz, chemist and molecular biologist, Nobel Prize (1962)
• Sir Karl Popper, leading twentieth century philosopher of science
• David Ricardo, greatest classical economist after Adam Smith
• James Joseph Sylvester, mathematician, major contributor to matrix theory

Hungary

• Paul Erdős, mathematician
• Theodore von Kármán, aeronautical engineer
• Georg Lukács, Marxist philosopher
• John von Neumann, computer scientist, mathematician
• Michael Polanyi, polymath
• Leó Szilárd, physicist
• Edward Teller, physicist, father of hydrogen bomb
• Eugene Wigner, physicist; Nobel Prize (1963)

Israel

• Israel Aharoni, zoologist
• Dorit Aharonov, computer scientist, quantum computing
• Yakir Aharonov, physicist, quantum physics
• Noga Alon, mathematician
• Ruth Arnon, biochemist; Wolf prize (1998)
• Robert Aumann, mathematician, game theory; Nobel prize (2005)
• Jacob Bekenstein, physicist, gravity
• Eli Biham, computer scientist, cryptography
• Aaron Ciechanover, biologists; Nobel Prize (2004)
• Irun Cohen, immunologist
• Shlomi Dolev, computer scientist, distributed computing
• Shimon Even, computer scientist
• Oded Goldreich, computer scientist, cryptography
• Avram Hershko, biologist; Nobel Prize (2004)
• Ephraim Katzir, biophysicist, 4th president of Israel
• Abraham Lempel, computer scientist, data compression
• Yuval Ne'eman, physicist, particle physics
• Amos Ori, physicist, gravity
• Asher Peres, physicist, foundations of quantum mechanics
• Amir Pnueli, computer scientist; Turing award (1996)
• Nathan Rosen, physicist, Founder of the Technion - Israel institute of technology
• Leo Sachs, molecular biologist, immunology
• Adi Shamir, computer scientist, cryptography; coinventor of RSA
• Ehud Shapiro, computer scientist,
• Yair Sprinzak, chemist, organic chemistry, Israeli politician
• Reshef Tenne, chemist, material research and nanotechnology
• Lev Vaidman, physicist, quantum physics
• Chaim Weizmann, chemist, 1st president of Israel
• Jacob Ziv, computer scientist, data compression

Poland

• Solomon Asch, Gestalt psychologist
• Benoît Mandelbrot, mathematician: fractals
• Albert Sabin, inventor of the oral Polio vaccine
• Alfred Tarski, logician and mathematician
• Stanislaw Ulam, mathematician, Manhattan Project

Russia/Ukraine

• Vladimir Drinfeld, mathematician, Fields Medal (1990)
• Israel Gelfand, mathematician, Wolf Prize (1978), Kyoto Prize (1989), Steele Prize (2005)
• Vitaly Ginzburg, physicist, Nobel Prize (2003)
• Waldemar Haffkine, biologist, vaccines against cholera and plague
• Lev Landau, physicist, many contributions to theoretical physics, Nobel Prize (1962)
• Phoebus Levene, nucleic acid pioneer
• Wassily Leontief, economist, Nobel Prize (1973) (Russian-Orthodox father)
• Grigori Perelman, mathematician, Fields Medal (2006) (declined award)
• Ilya Prigogine, mathematician, Nobel Prize (1979) in chemistry
• Selman Waksman, biochemist, discoverer of streptomycin, Nobel Prize (1952)
• Yakov Zeldovich, cosmologist
• Efim Zelmanov, mathematician, Fields Medal (1994)

Netherland

• Karl Marx, economist, co-founder of communism
• Baruch Spinoza, philosopher (excommunicated)

Australia/Canada

• Steven Pinker, pioneer of evolutionary psychology
• Peter Singer, philosopher

United States

• M. A. Benjaminson, microbiologist, biotechnologist, pioneer in field of in vitro meat technology
• Emile Berliner, inventor of gramophone
• Franz Boas, founder of American Anthropology
• David Bohm, quantum physics pioneer and theoretical physicist, philosopher of science
• Noam Chomsky, linguist
• Jesse Douglas, mathematician, Fields Medal (1936)
• Richard Epstein, classical liberal economist from the University of Chicago
• Richard Feynman, quantum physicist, co-founder of quantum electrodynamics Nobel Prize (1965)
• Milton Friedman, monetarist economist, Clark Medal (1951), Nobel Prize (1976)
• Murray Gell-Mann, discoverer of quarks, Nobel Prize
• Arthur Jensen, educational psychologist and intelligence researcher (mother Jewish)
• John Kemeny, computer scientist, co-founder of BASIC
• Edwin Land, inventor of polaroid
• John McCarthy, artificial intelligence pioneer
• Theodore Maiman, inventor of first laser
• Daniel Nathans, discoverer of restriction enzymes
• Robert Nozick, philosopher of libertarianism and Pellegrino University Professor at Harvard University
• Robert Oppenheimer, nuclear physicist, nuclear bomb, Manhattan Project
• Gregory Pincus, inventor of the Pill
• Ayn Rand, originator of Objectivism (atheist)
• Murray Rothbard, anarcho-capitialist economist
• Carl Sagan, astronomer and science popularizer, Cosmos: A Personal Voyage
• Jonas Salk, polio vaccine
• Leo Strauss, political philosopher
• Norbert Wiener, founder of cybernetics
• Edward Witten, M-theory, Fields Medal (1990)

 

       

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